AOEgypt

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 * Geography**


 * Located in Africa
 * Nile River
 * Desert
 * Fertile soil
 * Silt
 * Black land vs. Red land
 * Flooding - predictable flooding ; knew when it was going to flood, just didn't know how much.
 * Considered the Nile as a god
 * Egypt was a gift of the Nile


 * Comparisons to Mesopotamia**
 * Flooding
 * Warfare
 * Didn't have constand war like in Mesopotamia.
 * Pharoahs were considered kings
 * Priest kings (meso) go between to the gods


 * Environmental Challanges**
 * Flooding - too much / too little
 * Desert
 * Forced to live on a small strip of land ( Block land ) surrounding the river
 * Cut off interaction with other peoples trade
 * Shut out invaders - spared much ancient warfare
 * Cataracts
 * Rapids caused by boulders ; impossible for boats to pass


 * Transportation**
 * Boats on the NIle
 * Traveled against the current ; used a soil
 * Water highway prompted trade and united villages


 * Important People**
 * Narmer
 * United upper and lower Egypt
 * 1st dynasty established


 * Government**
 * Pharoahs
 * Thought of as gods
 * Theocracy
 * Governnment based on religion
 * Divided into upper / lower
 * 31 Dynasties
 * Pharoahs controlled nature
 * Pharoahs ruled after death
 * Pyramids - final resting game
 * Power of pharoahs decline 2180 B.C.
 * End of the Old Kingdom
 * Middle Kingdom ( 2040 - 1640 )
 * Strong Pharoahs regained control
 * Hykas took over Egypt ( 1630 - 1528 BC )


 * Religion**
 * Theocracy = Government
 * Pyramids
 * Berial ground./ tomb of afterlife
 * Mummification
 * Preserve bodies spirit
 * Will use body in after life.
 * Worshiped - 2000 + Gods = Polytheism
 * Re, Ositis, Isis, Annubis
 * Belief in afterlife
 * Weigh heart to see if go to other world or if you were eaten by the devour of the souls


 * After Life**
 * Kings ruled even after death
 * Ka
 * Life force
 * Pyramids / tombs of kings
 * Mummification
 * Embalming
 * Book of Dead
 * Comparison to Mesopotamia
 * ( after life a bad place )


 * Social Class**
 * 1) Kings / Queens Royal family
 * 2) Wealthy land owners, government, officials, priest, army commander
 * 3) Middle class merchants / articians
 * 4) Lower class ( largest group )
 * 5) Not locked in
 * 6) Slaves ( labor from war )
 * 7) Four rich / gold mines, peasants, farmers, laborers.


 * Architecture**
 * Ziggarat vs. Pyramid
 * Engineering feats.
 * Amazing builders
 * Used stone, granite, limestone
 * Link to gov / organization


 * Writing**
 * Hieroglyphics
 * Sacred carving
 * Simple pictographics were the earliest from of writing
 * Picture stood for an idea
 * Then writing became more complete
 * Pictures stood for sounds
 * Could almost be used like letters of the alphabet
 * 1st writing done on stone / clay
 * Invented new writing surface popyrass
 * Raseth Stone - found in 1799
 * 3 languages
 * ( Greek - 2 forms of hieroglyphics )
 * Used Greek to decode hieroglyphics
 * HOw we learned to red hieroglyphics


 * Technology**
 * Papyrass
 * Calender
 * 365 days
 * 12 months
 * 30 days
 * 5 Holidays
 * Used star to calculate
 * Developed a system of #'s for counting, adding, subtracting = business taxes
 * Geometry
 * Survey & reset property boundaries ( after floods )
 * Math helped engineeres / architechts to make pyramids
 * 1st to use stone columns heart rate / puls = set
 * Broken bones - treat
 * Wounds / fevers - knew surgery
 * Embalming