Amanda+Meso+Page

 __ **Location **   __    __ ** Geography ** __
 *        Between Persain Gulf and Mediterranian Sea
 * <span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">       Between Tigris River and Euphrates River
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Modern day Iraq
 * <span style="color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Flat, swampy lands
 * <span style="color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Curved shape
 * <span style="color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Rich Soil = Silt
 * <span style="color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Fertil Crescent
 * <span style="color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Desert Climate
 * <span style="color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Mesopotamia means: "Land between the Rivers"

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #fe0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**__<span style="font-size: 150%; color: #fe0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Economy/Agriculture __** <span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**__<span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Time Period __**
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Traded grain and cloth
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Recieved wood and metal
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Grew wheat and barley
 * <span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Through trade echanged ideas (Cultural Diffusion)
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> 4500BC
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> People learn to farm
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> 3300BC
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Sumer (City-State)
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Sumarians (People)
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> 4500-2008=2508 Years ago

<span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**<span style="font-size: 140%; color: #ef0343; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Enviromental Challenges **__
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Unpredicted Flooding= good soil but it was bad for crops and life
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Natural Recources were limited
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Desert= little rain
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">No natural barriers= Defenseless but easy to see the enemies coming
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Not alot of building materials
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Need water for crops+ survival
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Built irrigation ditches

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**<span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">War/Military/Defense **__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 160%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**Institutions**__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**<span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Religion **__
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Built city walls
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Constant war between sity states
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Hard to defend= no natural barriers
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Spread culture
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Men pick a leader during time of war
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">City-State
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Independent self governing city including its surrounding farm land
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Empires: independent country siry-staes brought under 1 rule
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">(Sargon created the 1st Empire)
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Babylonian invaded Mesopotamia
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Dynasty: Series of rulers from 1 family
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Polytheism- belief in many gods
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Gods controlled nature
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;">What happens to you after death?--You go to the land of no return, which is a gross, yucky, nasty place
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce3; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Gave offerings and sacrifices to the gods

<span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**<span style="font-size: 130%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Architecture **__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**<span style="font-size: 130%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Liturature **__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #063ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**<span style="font-size: 130%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Social Class **__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Equality (Women Rights) **__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**Technology**__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**<span style="font-size: 130%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Important People **__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__**<span style="font-size: 130%; color: #ef0643; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Government **__ <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Ziggarat:
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Top- Temple (close to the gods in the sky)
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Middle- Government office
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Bottom- Grain (Storage)
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Around- The "Bazaar" or the market place
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Exchange ideas- religous, political, economic, and social center of Mesopotamian culture
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #063ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Epic of Gilgemesh
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #063ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Gives us info on how they might have lived
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #063ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Story is similar to the Noah's Ark legend (The Flood)
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Top Layer: Kings, Landholders, and Priests
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Second Layer: Wealthy merchants
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Third Layer: Ordinary people (people who worked in the fields or in the workshops)
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Fourth Layer: (Lowest Layer) Slaves (debt-war)
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Women could be merchants, farmers, or artisens
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Women could own property
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Women could be priests
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Some upper class women learned to read and write and became scribes
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">*More rights then women in many other ancient societies*
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Inventions: Wheel, plow, bronze, sail
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Needed math to plan and build things (arithmetic and geometry)
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Base= 60 (60 secs = 1 min) (360 degrees= circle)
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Architecture: arches, ramps, pyramids, ziggurat
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Writing: Cuniform (on clay tablets)
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Cuniform= means wedged shape
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Sargon- conqured Sumer- (adapted and spread Sumarian culture) 1st Empire
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Hammurabi leader of Babylonian Empire ( known for code of law)
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Controlled by Priests at first
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">During war men chose a though fighter to lead- at first control ended after war was over
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">With more fights= commanders got permanent control
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #064ce5; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Hammurabi's code of law



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