mcindia

**India Geography-**
 * Indian sub-continant
 * Wall of the highest mountians seperate India from the rest of the Asian continant.
 * Large desert to the east
 * Mountians guard an enourmous flat and fertile land formed by the Gangues and Indus rivers
 * Farming=Only possible in areas watered by the Indus
 * Indo-Gangetic plain
 * Indus - Ganges = Silt.
 * Tropical land
 * Monsoons - Seasonal winds
 * Need summer monsoons for crops

**Environmental Challenges-**
 * Yearly floods spread deposits of rich soil over a wide area, Indus floods were unpredictable
 * The rivers sometimes changed course
 * Monsoons - unpredictable
 * Little rain = plants withered in fields and people went hungry
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Too much rain = Floods swept away villages

<span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">** Writing-**
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Not yet deciphered Indus system of writing

<span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**Time Period-**
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Found evidence in the highlands of agriculture and domesticated sheep and goats dating to about 7000 B.C.
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">By about 3200 B.C. people began farming in villages along the Indus River
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">2500 B.C. - Indus River Valley were spreading bricks for first city.
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Trade - 2600-1800 B.C.

<span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**Specialization-**
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Builders
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Plumbers - Sewer Systems

<span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**Institution-**
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Planned cities on a grid
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Largest cities - Kalibargan, Mohenjo-Daro, and Harappa
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Ruins of 100 settlements.
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Harappan Civilization
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Citadel - Major buildings of the city; temple, Royal fam.
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Bricks
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Platforms to protect from flooding
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">30" wide streets
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Sewage Systems.

<span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**Language-**
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Written language
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Harappan language is impossible to decipher
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Stamps & Seals used for trading
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">400 symbols made up language

<span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**Culture-**
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Social Diversions in society not great.
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Childrens toys= Nonessential goods.
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Animals = Important
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Conflict limited

<span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**Religion-**
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Theocracy
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">No temple found
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Priests
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Shiva

<span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**Trade-** > <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**Decline-**
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Gold, Silver, & Gems.
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Indus River - good for trade
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Brightly colored cotton Clothes - worth a lot
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Copper
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Luxery
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">1750 B.C. building declined
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Floods, Earthquakes, Tectonic plates
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Forced to leave
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Trade ended

<span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">**Caste System-** <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Four main groups - Brahmins (Priests), Kshatriyas (Warriors & Kings), Viashyas (Traders & Farmers), and Shudras (Laborers & Artisans)
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Origanated after the Aryan Invasion around 1000B.C.
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">In the myth the caste system was created when the origanal man Purusha was sacrificed; the Brahmins came from his mouth, The Kshatriyahs from his arms, Viashyahs from his thighs, and Shudras from his feet
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Each person was put into a group and you couldn't get out of it
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">The groups were based on the religion or race you belonged to
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">People discrimitated people that were in lower caste groups
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Every caste had a dharma (Duty) appropriete to his or her own caste, sex, or job.
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">If you had good karma and did good dharma you can move up to a different caste system in your next life.
 * <span style="font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">The "Untouchable" group was the lowest caste, people looked down apon them.

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