Christy'sEgypt

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 Egypt.
Location- Northeast Africa

Geography- The Nile, one of the longest rivers in the world, runs through it for 4100 miles. Like clockwork, in July the river would overflow, and in October, it would come back down and leave silt.

Economy/Climate- Desert. Divided into Upper and Lower Egypt.

Environmental Challenges- When the Nile's water was low, there wouldn't be enough water or silt and people would starve. When the water was high, it flooded houses and graneries. The desert closed everything in, so they couldn't interact with other cultures. Cataracts are rapids,and are impossible for boats to pass through.

Transportation- Boats on the Nile used sails. Water highways promoted trading and unified villages.

Important People- Narmer united upper and lower Egypt and established first dynasty.

Government- Pharaohs were thought of as gods. Theocrasy is a govt. based on religion. 31 dynasties. Pharaohs controlled nature, and continued leading after death. Pyramids are the final resting place of them. Hyksos took over Egypt from 1630-1523.

Religion- Theocrasy is Egypt's government. Mummification. Over 2000 gods.

Afterlife- After they died, pharaohs were mummified. Canopic jars held the organs as the mummies were filled with sand or salt. Although, the heart was left because it was weighed on their way to the afterlife. If their heart weighed less than a feather, they were pure and could go on to the afterlife. If it wasn't pure, they went on to the devourer of souls. (that sucks.)

Time Period- By 3200 b.c, Egypt was ruled by 2 separate kingdoms. 3000b.c, they were unified and had 31 dynasties. 2660 to 2180b.c, was the old kingdom. Pharaohs got control back from 2040 to 1640-ish b.c. But the Hyksos took over after during 1630 to 1523b.c. Although, Egypt rose again for the New Kingdom.

Archetecture- Pyramids were built as burial places for dead pharaohs and consisted of king and queens chambers, gallery, the air shaft and other passages. They also had Sphynx, ramps and columns.

Culture- Nature and the Nile were very much on their side, so they were optimistic. Religion also played a big part because it controlled the crops, the weather and the afterlife. There were over 2000 gods.

Social Class- Royalty. Top: landowners, priests, army commanders, government officials. Middle: artisans, merchants. Low: slaves, laborers.

Writing- Hieroglyphics were pictures that represented ideas. They wrote on papyrus, which are dried reeds. The Rosetta Stone had 3 different languages on it.

Woman's Right's- A lot of similar rights as men. A wealthy woman could trade and own land, get married, and when they wanted a divorce they could, and talk 1/3 of the land.

Technology- They developed the calendar, which isn't too different than ours. It had 12 months with 30 days in each. They also had mathematics, that helped build the pyramids. Theyir medicine was also famous. They could find a pulse, set broken bones, and in some cases, did surgeries. They also used stars to calculate. Plus, they had a pregnancy test.