India+Kamburi

Home Page

I ndia Notes **__ Challenges __**
 * __Geography/Location__ **
 * Modern day pakistan
 * highest mountains in the world (        Hindukush, Karakarum & Himalayan)
 * tall mountains in North
 * Khyber Pass- people pass through north
 * desert in East (protected Indus Valley from invasions)
 * Indus & Ganges River
 * Brahmaputra River flows to Bay of Bengal with Ganges
 * Eastern and Western Ghats- mtn. range (keeps air from reaching the plateau)
 * plateau elevated flat land
 * Unpredictable flooding along Indus-->fixed by: levees/platforms
 * Rivers changed course sometimes due to Earthquaks
 * Monsoons- seasonal winds.
 * cycle of wet and dry seasons was unpredictable
 * too little rain-->plants died-->hungry people
 * too much rain-->floods swept villages-->fixed by: them learning from their mistakes each time it flooded and wiped out houses so they learned to rebuilt better and stronger cities each time.

__ Religion __ __** __** Culture/Cities **__
 * Shiva-->God
 * Theocracy
 * Hindu culture
 * Believed in karma and rebirth
 * Priests
 * Caste System based on their religion
 * __ Writing/Language
 * impossible to decipher
 * no bilingual inscription
 * 400 symbols (looksl ike fish standing up with hands)
 * language found on stamps and steals
 * seals stand for an object/phontic sound
 * domesticated sheep and goats
 * Indus Valley people were laying bricks for cities by 2,500 B.C
 * Built walls (levees)
 * Built human made islands to raise cities
 * Harappan Civilization (Indus Valley Civilization)
 * sophisticated cities (plumbing/sewage)
 * Grid System

>  __**Time Period**__
 * __Social Class __**
 * 1. Brahmins (priests)
 * 2. Kshatriyas (warriors & kinga)
 * 3. Vaishyas (traders & farmers)
 * 4. Shudras (laborers & artisans)
 * 5. Untouchables (carried out work related to bodily decay & dirt)
 * 3000 B.C
 * 1750 B.C- declined
 * 1500 B.C- people come in to build back up

**__Architecture __**   
 * mud-brick platforms to protect from flooding
 * Citadel (inside a 1/2 mile wall) protected royal family and temple
 * Streets as wide as 30 feet
 * __Trade __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Gold and silver came from North in Afghanistan
 * Stones from Persia and Deccan Plateau
 * Indus River good for transportation
 * Overland Routes: Persia to Caspian Sea
 * Seals found in Sumer (to identify Indus merchandise)
 * trading began as early as 2600B.C until 1800B.C

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> **__<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">People __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #33cccc; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> **__<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">War Military __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
 * __<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Declined of Indus Valley __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">1750B.C quality of buildings declined
 * decayed
 * plate movements =quakes and floods (altered course of Indus River)
 * some cities survived
 * may have caused another river, Sarswati, to dry up
 * trade=impossible=no cites
 * Agriculture dried out (perhaps exhausted soil)
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Aryans ( Nomadic people from N. of Hindu kush mtns)..1500B.C came to <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Indus <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> valley and civilization grew
 * Shiva- major hindu god
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Few weapons have been found (conflict was limited)

**__<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Natural Barriers __**<span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">mountains keep people from crossing