Kat+Egypt

__EGYPT__

__Geography__
 * Located in Africa
 * Nile river
 * Desert
 * Fertile soil silt
 * Black land vs. red land
 * Flooding-predictable flooding
 * Knew when it was going to flood jst didn't know how much
 * Considered the Nile like a god
 * Egypt was a gift of the Nile

__Comparisons to Meso__
 * Flooding
 * Warfare-desert cut off from warfare didn't have constant war like in mesopotamia
 * Pharaos=were considered kings gods-priest kings(Meso)=go between to the gods (messangers)
 * Architect: Meso= ziggerat(town hall),Egypt=Pyramids(place for phaoraos to get ready to rule in afterlife

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #1aefca; font-family: Georgia, serif;">__Environmental challenges__
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #dd00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Flooding to much/to little (kills) (starves)
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #dd00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Desert
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #dd00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Forced to live on a small strip of land(black land) surrounding the river
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #dd00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Cut off interaction with other people-trade
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #dd00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Shut out invaders-spared much ancient warfare
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #dd00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Cataracts=rapids caused by borders=impossible for boats to pass

__ Transportation __
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #f71818; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Boats on the nile
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #f71818; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Travled againts the current used a sail
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #f71818; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Water highway promoted trade & unified villages

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #f1fa38; font-family: Georgia, serif;">__Important people__


 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #3bff29; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Narmer united upper & lower Egypt= 1st dynasty established

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #151118; font-family: Georgia, serif;">__<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #9510f9; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ad26f7; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Government __ <span style="font-size: 120%; color: #44d54e; font-family: Georgia, serif;">__Religion__
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #eb0fc0; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Pharaohs -(kings)
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #eb0fc0; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Thought of gods
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #eb0fc0; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Theocracy-gout based on religion
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #eb0fc0; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Divided into Upper/Lower
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #eb0fc0; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> 31 dynasties
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #eb0fc0; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Pharaohs ruled after death
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #eb0fc0; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Pyramids-final resting place
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #eb0fc0; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Power of pharaohs decline 2180 BC end of old Kingdom
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #eb0fc0; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Middle Kingdom(2040-1640) strong pharaohs regained control
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #eb0fc0; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> Hyksos took over Egypt(1630-1523 BC)
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #0b1cf9; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Theocracy=Govt.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #0b1cf9; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Pyramids=birial grounds/tumbs for afterlife
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #0b1cf9; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Mummification=preserves bodies spirt will ise body in an afterlife
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #0b1cf9; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Worshiped 2000+ gods=polytbels
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #0b1cf9; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Re,Osiris,Irsis,Amubis
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #0b1cf9; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Belief in afterlife
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #0b1cf9; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Weigh heart to seee if you go to other world or if you were eaten by the devour of souls

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ff00e2; font-family: Georgia, serif;">TECHNOLOGY Developed calendars to schedule floods and planting using stars. Made accurate calendar- 12 months, 30 days each. Used math for taxes; geometry for boundary resets after floods and for building pyramids; architecture for homes, palaces, and temples. Invented medicine, felt for pulse, splints for broken bones, treatment for wounds, and some surgery. Incredible builders. 1st to use stone columns. Embalming (part of mummification).

WRITING __** First used pictographs; switched to more flexible hieroglyphics. "hieros" and "gluph" mean "sacred carving". Hieroglyphics first represented ideas; then sounds and ideas. First wrote on clay; then on papyrus (paper-like; made from pressed papyrus reeds that grew in the delta). Rosetta Stone-found in 1799- 3 languages (Greek & 2 forms of hieroglyphics). Used Greek to decode hieroglyphics *how we learned to read*.
 * __

SOCIAL CLASSES

High Class-kings, queens, royal family Rest of High Class-landowners, government officials, priests, army commanders Middle Class- merchants & artisans Low Class-peasant farmers, laborers, slaves People could get into a higher social class but could only get into the highest class if you learned how to read & write. Women had many of the same rights as men; could own/trade property, propose or divorce (granted 1/3 of property if divorce)

DAILY LIFE River travel was used from Upper to Lower Egypt, travel north-use currents, travel south-use sails. Peasants mainly built pyramids, payed with food & housing, and scratched their names into their work. Slaves (captives from foreign wars) served in rich people's homes, and gold mines of Upper Egypt. Good weather= worked in fields. Flood season=built temples Played senet-a board game Used cosmetics for protection from the sun and beauty (kohl-minerals mixed with water and oils softened glare from the sun) kept make-up in chests. Workers formed community service to build temples such as Karnak Temple Complex.

IMPORTANT DATES

2180 BC- pharaohs decline, Old Kingdom ends. Middle Kingdom (2040-1640). 5000 BC- farming villages. 3000 BC- civilization.

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