RE~Egypt

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Geography = River Nile flows northward across Africa When the Nile is flooded the silt and water was more needed Forbidden deserts acted as natural barriers between Egypt and other lands Lived along the side of Nile Nile provided system of transportation

Culture = Early Egyptians were polytheistic The Sun God & God Of The Dead were most important Bodies were preserve by mummification They believed in After Life Judged for their deeds when they died The heart should be no heavier than a feather = eternal life

Important People = King Narmer Egyptian God- kings (pharoahs) King still ruled after death

Time Period = 3200 to 2700 b.c. 2660 to 2180 b.c. = old kingdom 3000 b.c. = unification of Egypt 3200 b.c. = under rule of 2 kingdoms

Technology = Cosmetics, surgeons, temple builders, pyramids, mummies, calender, devoloped written numbers for adding counting and subtracting, medicene (could check heart rate and pulse set)(broken bones= treat)(wounds/fever= knew surgery)(embalming=preserve)(prepare body for burial, put chemicals in), papyrus, used stars to calculate, 12 months; 30 days; 5 holidays, geometry; survey and rest property boundries (after floods) Math helped engineers/architects to make pyramid 1st to use stone columns

Government = Had a theocracy Pharaohs were considered powerful United into a kingdom Paroahs lead after death Pyramid= final resting place Power of pharaohs declined Pharaohs controlled nature Upper/lower divided Would KILL for power Hylco's took over Egypt Middle kingdom; 2040- 1640 2180 BC; end of old kingdom pharaohs rise up again/more control

Lifestyle = People of all classes planned for their burial Built huge temples to honor the major cities Underworld would weigh each dead person's heart "Royal" bodies were mummified "Book of the Dead" Many Egyptians purchased scrolls containing hymns, prayers, and "Magic Spells"

Environmental Changes = Flooding; too much/too little (kills)(starve) Desert; forced to live on a small strip of land (block land) surrounding the river Cut off the interaction with other people; trade Shut out invaders; spared much ancient warfare Catoracts; rapids caused by borders; impossible for boats to pass

Transporting = Boats on the Nile Traveled against the current, used a sail Water highway prompted trade and unified villages

After Life = Kings ruled even after death Ka- Mummification (why?) Embalming Book of the Dead Comparison to the Mesopotamia (after life, a bad place)

Mummification = To preserve their bodes, why? Believe their spirits would have a body to come back to 1st to embalm (preserve) Book of the day= book with spells; guide the spirit to the after life Mesopotamia; after life= BAD

Architecture = Ziggurat vs. pyramid <-- (good goverment; civilization)(after life house for pharaohs) ^^^^^ plaza, town hall= center of town/ social, economic Engineering, amazing people? Used stone, granite, limestone Link to goverment/ organization

Social Class = Kings/queens, royal family Wealthy land owners, goverment, officals, priest, army commander Middle class merchants/artisans Lower class merchants/artisans Slaves (laber from wars) Peasents, farmers, laborers (for rich/ gold mines) Peasents built pyramids Born where you are Always the same DO NOT marry ABOVE or BELOW

Writing = Hieroglyphics = sacred carving Simple pictographs were the earliest form or writing PIcture stood for an idea Then writing became more complex; pictures stood for sounds Could almost be used like letters of the alphabet 1st writing done on stone/clay Invented new writing surface; papyrus (reeds/grasses) Rosetta Stone Found in 1799; 3 languages Greek and 2 forms of hieroglyphics Used Greek to decode hieroglyphics
 * How we learned to read hieroglyphics