KimIndia

Kim's Home **__INDIA__**



**__GEOGRAPHY__**    **__AGRICULTURE __**
 * India is a subcontinent that includes India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.   
 * Hindu Kush, Karakorum, and Himalayan ranges (highest mountains) seperate India from rest of Asia.   <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(35, 11, 229);">Natural barriers- mountains and Thar Desert.   <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(35, 11, 229);">Indus & Ganges rivers form big, fertile plain.   <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(35, 11, 229);">Indus River flows southwest into Arabian Sea.   <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(35, 11, 229);">Ganges comes from Himalayas, flows east, joins Brahmaputra river, ends in Bay of Bengal.   <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(35, 11, 229);">Deccan Plateau- center of peninsula cut by rivers.   <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(35, 11, 229);">Eastern & Western Ghats- mountains frame Deccan and keep moist air out making Deccan dry.   <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(35, 11, 229);">Narrow border of lush, tropical land on coasts of south.   <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(35, 11, 229);">Indus civilization is modern-day Pakistan.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(237, 29, 29);">Can only farm on land fertilized by Indus directly.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(237, 29, 29);">Indus & Ganges form fertile Indo-Gangetic Plain ferilized with water & silt (1700 miles).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(237, 29, 29);">Around 1750 BC Sarsuati River dried up- no trade on that river.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(237, 29, 29);">Agriculture died perhaps due to overused soil.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**__WEATHER__**
 * <span style="color: rgb(23, 222, 48); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Monsoons (strong winds) come from south in winter (June-October) and bring huge storms that cause flooding a lot of times.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**__ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES__**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(104, 26, 239);">Unpredictable floods
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(104, 26, 239);">Rivers change course
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(104, 26, 239);">Monsoons were unpredictable (too little: withered plants, people starved. too much: damaged homes)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(104, 26, 239);">Made levees and eventually raised cities to not deal with floodwaters.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**__WRITING__** <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**__<span style="color: rgb(0, 10, 3);">TECHNOLOGY __**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(224, 119, 6);">Don't know about Indus writing.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(224, 119, 6);">Mostly know things from archaological digs though most were washed away.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(224, 119, 6);">Had language.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(224, 119, 6);">Writing was impossible to decipher.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(224, 119, 6);">Writing made up of 400 symbols (represented objects and sounds)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(224, 119, 6);">Example of writing:
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">IMPORTANT DATES <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">(civilization) __**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(226, 24, 203);">Don't know how civilization started; could be people who came by sea or people who came from north through mountains.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(226, 24, 203);">Evidence of domesticated animals from 7000 BC
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(226, 24, 203);"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">People were farming by 3200 BC
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(226, 24, 203);">1750 BC- cities fell into decay.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(226, 24, 203);"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Didn't know why until 1970s when satellites showed tectonic plates moved causing earthquakes and floods.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(226, 24, 203);"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Some cities survived others destroyed.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(226, 24, 203);">1500 BC- People left and Aryans (nomads) came and Indian civilization grew again.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(101, 97, 21);">People of Indus laid out cities on grid system to plan. Learned from rebuilding and becoming more advanced.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(101, 97, 21);">__Citadel__- contained major buildings of city.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(101, 97, 21);">Bricks were oven-baked and cut.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(101, 97, 21);">Built drainage/sewage systems.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(101, 97, 21);">Toys were found.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(101, 97, 21);">Called Harappan culture because of many archaeological discoverieds madeat that site.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(101, 97, 21);">Found few weapons.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(101, 97, 21);">Pretty wealthy society.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**__GOVERNMENT__**
 * <span style="color: rgb(58, 251, 253); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Had strong government due to uniformity in construction and planning.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**__HARAPPAN__**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(43, 243, 152);">Partially built on mud-bricks for flooding.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(43, 243, 152);">Brick wall around city with citadel inside.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(43, 243, 152);">Wall protected temple, citadel, and royal family.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(43, 243, 152);">Big streets.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(43, 243, 152);">Walls seperate districts.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(43, 243, 152);">House sizes vary.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(43, 243, 152);">Houses in block units with narrow lanes in between.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(43, 243, 152);">Houses had bathrooms where water flowed to sewage system.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**__RELIGION__**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(242, 38, 121);">Animals were big part of society-on pottery, statues, toys, and seals.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(242, 38, 121);">Some were regular animals while others were beasts- didn't know what beasts stood for.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(242, 38, 121);">Think culture was a theocracy.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(242, 38, 121);">Priests prayed for good harvest and safety from floods.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(242, 38, 121);">Artifacts relate to today's Hindu religion-for example representations of Shiva: major Hindu god.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**__WAR__**
 * <span style="color: rgb(43, 134, 243); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Not much war.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">**__TRADE__** <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 112, 16);">>Persia and Deccan Plateau- semiprecious stones. >Mesopotamia (Sumer)-copper, lumber precious stones, luxury goods.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 112, 16);">Traded a lot using Indus river.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 112, 16);">Traded with >Afghanistan- gold & silver.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 112, 16);">Few people knew how to grow cotton- cotton cloth was desirable.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 112, 16);">Traded from 7600 BC to 1800 BC.

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> **__<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">CASTE SYSTEM __**

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Brahmins__- came from mouth __Kshatriyas__- came from arms __Vaishyas__- came from thighs <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> __Shudras__- came from feet
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">4 Major Groups- brahmins (priests), kshatriyas ( <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">warriors <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">and kings), vaishyas (traders and farmers), and shudras (laborers and artisans).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__karma__-the consequences of past deeds.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__dharma__- the duty one has to their specific caste.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Can only move down a caste.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Rig Veda tells us that the four varna groups originated from primordial man:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Different castes had different religions, jobs, foods, and so on.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The caste system is still around today.