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**__China Notes__** __**1.+2.Technology/Trade **__
 * Yu= mathematician of 1st dynasty helped create barriers using math to help stop flooding.
 * very little sources of trade around them.
 * natural barriers played a big part in trade.
 * used what they had, interacting with people around them.
 * Xia=Yu--->irrigation.
 * Shang--->1st written records.
 * Zhou->developed roads/canals, blast furnaces & coin $. (coin $ improved trade, b/c easy carry & trade).
 * roads and canals were built to stimulate trade/agriculture.
 * *used iron weapons*

**__3.Religion __** > >
 * Shang Di= "Supreme God" (& lesson gods).
 * only honored fathers ancestors worshipped "supreme god."
 * Mandate of Heaven =God's commanding rule, w/e happens it's b/c they want it.
 * Believed ancestors could come back & bring good/bad fortune to them.
 * (such as famine, floods, droughts, and othe natural disasters).
 * oracle bones- Shang kings consulted/reached gods through these by scratching into the bones and putting them in fires to read the cracks.
 * (oracle bones made of tortoise shells and animal bones).
 * polytheistic.

__**4.Georgraphy**__ > > 
 * Only 10% farmland.
 * North> Gobi Desert and Mongolian Plateau.
 * East-> Yellow Sea.
 * West> Taklimakan Desert & Plateau of Tibet.
 * South West> Himalayas.
 * Huang He--> Yellow river in North.
 * Frozen tundra in Tibet.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mts. & deserts make up 2/3's of the land.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Silt=fertile soil-->"loess."
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Loess is blown by winds from deserts.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yellow River--> deposits huge amount of yellowish silt.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chiang Jiang-->Yangtze flows east to Yellow Sea. <span style="font-size: 75%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">

__**<span style="font-size: 105%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.Natural Barriers **__
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mts.
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Deserts
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Rivers

<span style="font-size: 105%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**__6.Time Period__**
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2000 B.C.

__**7.Challenges**__
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Had many invasions and constant warfare.
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">supplied own goods due to isolation from no interaction with other peoples.
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">no trade
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Huang He's floods--> = "China's Sorrow"

__**8.Culture**__
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Respect was a very important virtue for the Chinese.
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">high classes of Anyang lived in Timber framed homes.
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">peasants & crafts people lived in huts outside of cities.
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">woman were inferiors.
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">elders were highly respected.
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aranged marriages for 13-16 year old girls.
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Family was important.
 * <span style="font-size: 95%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">woman had to respect fathers-->sons-->husbands.


 * __9.Dynastic Cycle__**
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Shang dynasty 1700 B.C.-1027 B.C.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Shang 1st to leave behind written records.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Zhou over threw Shang and had their own dynasty but kept culture of Shangs.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1st Chinese dynasty was the __Xia__
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Feudalism-political system-->nobles & lords allowed the use of land belonging to king.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**__10.11.Government/Mandate of Heaven__**
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Zhou leaders had command from gods to rule.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Leader could lose the mandate=command of ruling.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chinese gov.-->closely combined with mandate of heaven.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Floods & problems could mean ruler is gonna be outta there soon.


 * __12.Dynastic Circle__**
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cycle consisted of a rise-->decline-->replacement.

__**13.14.Social Class/Feudalism**__
 * Kings have total land control. (but give & get divisions to help control land).
 * King->__gave__ land __get-->__babysitters, protection & respect.
 * Nobles->__give__ military service & loyality to king __get-->__ w/e they get from peasants.
 * Peasants-->__give__ money$ farm, __get__ to live on land & farming.


 * __15.Writing__**
 * needed to know-->10,000 characters to be a scholar.
 * needed to know-->5,000 to barely literate (read).
 * good--> helped unify diverse land.
 * bad> too many characters to remember.
 * peasants & their kids did not know how to write/read.
 * everyone in China could write the same exact language so it was easy to write with other villages.
 * each character stands for a 1 syllable or 1 sound unit (ch,th,sh).


 * __16.Location__**
 * Southwest Asia.
 * Bordering India.
 * By the Yellow & East China Sea, Pacific Ocean.
 * Himalaya mountain range.