Egyptjm

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=**__ Geography __**= · ** Nile River ** · ** Fertile soil=silt ** · ** black land vs. red land ** · ** predictable flooding ** · ** knew when it was going to flood, not how much ** · ** considered Nile a god ** · ** Egypt was "a gift of the Nile" ** · ** desert is a natural barrier ** · ** flows north because of topography(elevation of land) flows down from the mountains to the Mediteranean Sea **
 * · **** located in Africa **
 * · **** Desert **

= __ Comparisons to Mesopototamia __ = · ** flooding was predictable ** · ** warfare-desert cut off from wars, didn't have constant wars like Mesopotamia not as much war as there was in Mesopotamia ** · ** priest kings (meso)=go between to the gods (messangers) ** · ** MESO: Ziggurat (town hall) = temple, school, gov't **
 * · **** pharoahs were considered kings **
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; background: lime; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: lime; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">· **** EGYPT: pyramid (resting place) pharoah and royalty buried there. **

=__ Environmental Challenges   __= <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: fuchsia; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· ** too much and too little flooding staves and kills the people ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: fuchsia; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· ** desert- forced to live in a small strip of land(black land) ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: fuchsia; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· ** cut off interaction with other people---trade ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: fuchsia; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· ** shut out invaders and spared much ancient warfare **
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; background: fuchsia; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">· **** cataracts= rapids caused by boulders which made it impossible for boats to pass

** =__ Transportation  __= · ** boats on the Nile ** · ** Traveled against the current ** · ** Used a sail to move boats ** · ** Water highway promoted trade and unified villages **
 * 5000bc 3000bc 0 2009 **
 * Farming villages Civilization 0 Modern day **
 * Farming villages Civilization 0 Modern day **

=**__ Important People __**=
 * ** Narmer= united upper + lower Egypt **
 * ** 1st dynasty established **

__ ** Government ** __
<span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· ** pharoahs thought of as gods ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· ** theocracy- gov’t based on religion ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· ** divided into upper and lower sections ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· ** 31 dynasties ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· ** pharoahs controlled nature ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: aqua; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">pyramids- final resting place ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: aqua; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">power of pharoahs decline 2180 BC ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: aqua; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">end of old kingdom ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: aqua; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">middle kingdom (2040-1640) ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: aqua; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">strong pharoahs regained control. ** <span style="font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: aqua; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Hyksas took over Egypt (1630-1523)BC
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 10pt; background: aqua; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">· **** pharoahs ruled after death **<span style="background: aqua; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">

** <span style="background: fuchsia; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> =**__<span style="background: fuchsia; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Technology: __**= <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">
 * **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Papyrus **
 * **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Calender- marked flooding times **
 * **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Calender- 365 days **
 * **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Used stars to calculate **
 * **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">developed syatem of numbers **
 * **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Geometry **
 * **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Math helped to make pyramids **
 * **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">1st to use stone columns **
 * **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Medicine- could check heart rate, treat fever and wounds **
 * **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Embalmbing **

__ Religion __
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> = __ Afterlife __ = <span style="background: aqua; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: lime; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> =**__<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: lime; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Architecture __**= <span style="background: lime; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: lime; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> =Social Classes= <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> = __ Writing __ = <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">heiroglyphics= sacred carving ** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">simple pictographs were earliest form of writing ** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">picture stood for an idea not letters ** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">then writing became more complex- pictures then stood for sounds ** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">could almost be used like letters of the alphabet ** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">1st wrinting done on stone/ clay ** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">invented new writing surfaces- papyrus (reeds-grows) ** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Rosetta Stone ** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">found in 1799- 3 languages ** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">used greek to decode heiroglyphics ** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">· **<span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">how we learned to read heiroglyphics **
 * **<span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">theocracy= government **
 * **<span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">pyramids= burial grounds and tomb for afterlife **
 * **<span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">mummification= preserve bodys spirits will use body in the afterlife **
 * **<span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">worshiped 2000+ gods = polytheism **
 * **<span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Re, Osiris, Isis, Anubis **
 * **<span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Belif in the afterlife **
 * **<span style="background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: yellow; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">weighed heart to see if you would go to tthe other worlds in the afterlife or if you were eaten by the devourer of souls **
 * **<span style="background: aqua; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">kings ruled even after death **
 * **<span style="background: aqua; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ka= life force **
 * **<span style="background: aqua; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">pyramids/tombs of kings **
 * **<span style="background: aqua; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">mummification **
 * **<span style="background: aqua; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">embalming **
 * **<span style="background: aqua; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">book of dead **
 * **<span style="background: aqua; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">comparisons to Mesopotamia **
 * **<span style="background: aqua; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: aqua; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In Mesopotamia the afterlife was a bad depressing place **
 * **<span style="background: lime; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: lime; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">ziggarat vs. pyramid **
 * **<span style="background: lime; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: lime; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">engineering feats **
 * **<span style="background: lime; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: lime; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">amazing builders **
 * **<span style="background: lime; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: lime; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">used stone, granite, limestone **
 * **<span style="background: lime; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: lime; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">link to governtment/orginizaton **
 * 1) **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">kings/ queens royal family **
 * 2) **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">wealthy land owners, government officials, priests, army comanders **
 * 3) **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">middle class/ merchants and artisans **
 * 4) **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">lower class (largest groups) not locked in **
 * 5) **<span style="background: fuchsia; font-family: 'Arial Black'; mso-highlight: fuchsia; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">slaves, peasants, farmers, and laborers **