Egypt+Unveiled

back to home....................................**__Egypt Unveiled ..................................__**

__Geography__
 * desert
 * black land vs. red land
 * predictable flooding
 * knew when it was going to flood, not how much
 * Egypt was "a gift of the Nile"
 * considered Nile a god
 * flows north because of topography(elevation of land) flows down from the mountains to the Mediteranean Sea
 * desert is a natural barrier
 * located in Africa

__   Comparisons to Mesopototamia    __
 * not as much war as there was in Mesopotamia
 * flooding was predictable in Egypt
 * Egyptian warfare-desert cut off from wars, didn't have constant wars like Mesopotamia
 * pyramid-pharoah and royalty buried there. ziggurat-temple, school, gov't
 * Mesopotamia had priests and kings as go between to gods
 * pharoahs were considered as gods
 * Mesopotamians considered afterlife a bad place[[image:http://tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:jRbp66GOawmveM:http://www.tamut.edu/academics/mperri/images/egypt.JPG width="283" height="188" align="right" link="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tamut.edu/academics/mperri/images/egypt.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.tamut.edu/academics/mperri/AnWld/AncientWorld.htm&usg=__FPvZF6ctmKjYZ6u6XMPumJwRSBc=&h=704&w=890&sz=955&hl=en&start=6&sig2=uzb_Ze78gWsbEa4UeWEGhQ&tbnid=jRbp66GOawmveM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=146&ei=KnFqSfyUA964twfNm9S5Bw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Degypt%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den"]]

__Environmental Challenges__
 * desert- forced to live ina a small strip of land
 * cut off interaction with other people---trade
 * shut out invaders and spared much ancient warfare
 * cataracts- rapids caused by boulders and made it impossible for boats to pass

__   Government    __ __  Religion   __
 * pharoahs thought of as gods
 * theocracy- based on religion
 * divided into upper and lower sections
 * 31 dynasties
 * pharoahs controlled nature
 * pharoahs ruled after death
 * pyramids- final resting place
 * powerof pharoahs decline 2180 B.C.-end of old kin gdom
 * middle kingdom 2040-1640 B.C.- strong pharoahs regain control
 * Hyksas took over Egypt 1630-1528 B.C.
 * believed in afterlife after death
 * mummification preserve bodies because they belived that spirit would use body in afterlife
 * worshiped 2000+ gods- polytheism
 * Re, Osiris, Isis, Annubis were some of the gods
 * weigh heart to see if you'd go to other world or if you were eaten by the devourer of souls

__ Transportation  __
 * used boats to travel along the Nile River
 * used a sail when traveling against the current
 * traded along the Nile

__Important People__
 * Pharoahs were thought to be as gods
 * Narmer- united upper and lower Egypt and created the first dynasty

__After Life__ __Social Class__
 * thought that Pharoahs ruled even after death
 * Ka-life force
 * had a Book of the Dead
 * mummification
 * embalming- proccess of body preservation
 * Kings, Queens, and Royal Family
 * priests, army commanders, wealthy land owners, government officials
 * middle class - merchants, artisans
 * lower class - largest group - not locked in
 * slaves - 'labor from war' - worked as farmers, peasants, miners, and laborers

__ Architecture  __
 * amazing builders
 * ziggarat vs. pyramids
 * stone, granite, and limestone for building materials
 * engineering feats [[image:http://tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:7dJvN59BAlEe9M:http://bp3.blogger.com/_bNlrg2siv38/R-bz7PNnMEI/AAAAAAAABzE/C6gMRguUg0Q/s320/pyramids-giza.jpg width="264" height="233" align="right" link="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bp3.blogger.com/_bNlrg2siv38/R-bz7PNnMEI/AAAAAAAABzE/C6gMRguUg0Q/s320/pyramids-giza.jpg&imgrefurl=http://keralaarticles.blogspot.com/2008/03/top-10-travel-wonders-of-africa.html&usg=__KMJH7UwXhSsPSpnj3iDs2CY1J_Y=&h=280&w=320&sz=29&hl=en&start=12&sig2=Kx7mhH0TTArWAgcfziOUMg&tbnid=7dJvN59BAlEe9M:&tbnh=103&tbnw=118&ei=6nBqSZHYGt64tweDnNS5Bw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpyramids%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den"]]
 * was a link to government organization

__ Writing  __
 * picture stood for an idea
 * hieroglyphics - sacred carving
 * stone/clay tablets were first writing surfaces
 * papyrus was the new and better writing material
 * Rosseta stone - found in 1799 - 3 languages
 * learned to read from hieroglyphics

__Technology__
 * papyrus
 * healing broken bones
 * mummification
 * pyramids
 * calendar - 365 days - 12 months - 30 days each - 5 holidaays
 * learned to figure out pulse/heart rate
 * used stars to calculate times
 * first to use stone columns
 * developed a number system - counting, adding, subtracting
 * geometry - survey and reset boundaries after flooding