CB~Egypt

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//Location //:west of the fertile cresent in Africa/bordered by the Red Sea and Persian Gulf/Both Red lands and Black Land Geography:thin ribbon of water in parched desert land/ Nile River brings water from distant mountains, plateus, and lakes/ surrounded by the Red Sea and Persian Gulf/ Nile River flowed downhill //Economy and Agriculture //:wheat and barley fields made by Peasants/ watery highway of the Nile helped to promote trade //Time Period //:5000BC egyptians lived in farming village/ 3200BC villages under 2 rulers of seperate kingdoms lower and upper Egypt/ Greatest Egyptian Civilization during 3200-2700BC/ 2600-2180BC known a sold kingdom/Middle Kingdom(2040-1640BC)/1640BC Palestine-Hyksos 1630-1523BC //Challenges //:regular clockwise flooding/when Nile's floodwaters were just a few lower than normal, amounts of silt and water for crops lost, Thousands of people starved/when water a few feet higher, the unwanted water destroyed houses and previously planted seedswere lost/Deserts forced people to live in very small parts of the middle of Egypt //Social Classes //: 1.Queen, Kings, Royal Family 2. Wealthy landowners, government officers, priests, army commanders 3. Merchants and Artisans 4. Peasant farmers and Laborers //Womans Rights //:same as men/wealthy or middle class could own or trade property/propose marriage or seek divorice/if granted divorice, could take 1/3 of the couples property //Comparisan To Meso //:Flooding(knew when but not how much)/didn't have constant war like Meso due to deserts //Writing //:early writing is pictographs then more flexible writing system called hieroglyphics comes from hieros meaning "sacred carvings"./Wrote on papyrus reeds/much like our alphabet/ Book of the Dead-scrolls containing hymns, prayers, and magic spells placed in tombs for the afterlife as a guide in the afterlife. //Technology //:developed calander to keep track of flooding and planting seasons/Divided year into 12 months and 30 days/ system writing and counting, adding and subtracting helped count taxes/ made medicine to check heartrate in different parts of the body. they set broken bones in splints and had effective treatment for wounds and fevers/also used surgery to treat some conditions Religion :polytheistic (believed in many gods)/most important gods are Re(sun god)and Osiris(god of the dead)/most important goddess, Iris, represents ideal mother and wife/worshiped more than 2000 gods and goddess/built temples to honor gods/bleak view of death, believed in afterlife and life continued after death/believed Anbusis got and guide of the underworld judged by which deeds you did to die/they weighed your heart and if the scale tipped you would be eaten by the Devourer of the Souls/If didn't tip your soul lived forever in Beautiful Other World/pyramids, final resting place for pharaohs Government : Pharaoh-King-God/theocracy- type of government in which rules are based on religious authority/crowns for upper, lower and both/31 dynasties/power of pharaohs ended in 2180B.C./Middle Kingdom(2040-1640)-strong pharaohs regained control/Hykos took over Egypt(1630-1523) Transportation :boats on the Nile/traveled against the current using a sail/ water highway promoted traded and unified villages