India+Giroux

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__Geography__  __Enviromental Challenges__  __Language__  __Technology__
 * 2 Rivers= Indus and Ganges
 * Major Cities= Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Yearly floods spread deposits of rich soil over a wide area
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">High plateau in the center called the Deccan
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Refered to as a sobcontinent- included India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Mountains are natural barriers
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 90%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Highest Mountains in the world= 1. Hindukush, 2. Karakorum, and 3. Himalayan
 * Leeves- man-made dam
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Platforms- man-made islands
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Mosoons- Seasonal winds
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Too much rain= floods that sweep away villages
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Rivers change course sometimes due to Earthquakes
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">The flooding of the river was unpredictable
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Cycle of wet and dry sesons brought by Monsoon winds which were unpredictable
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Little rain= plants withered; people went hungry
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Harappan language was impossible to decipher- nothingto go by to decipher
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">400 symbols
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Language found on stamps and seals
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Depict an object/phonetic sound
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Animals found on stamps
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Built drianage/sewage system
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Plumbing system
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Planned their cities' streets
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Oven baked and cut bricks to build with

<span style="font-size: 170%; color: #4f92ee; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__Institution__ <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 170%; color: #4f92ee; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__Social Class__ <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-size: 170%; color: #4f92ee; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__Religion__ <span style="font-size: 170%; color: #4f92ee; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">__Trade__ <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Built levees
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Citadels - contained major buildings of the City (a wall of protection)
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Meso- mud bricks Indus- oven bake
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Housing- social divisions not great
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Few warfare (found few weapons)
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Mountains and Deserts cut them off
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Four main groups: Brahmins (preists), Kshatriyas (warriors and kings), Vaishyas (traders and farmers), and Shudras (laborers and artisans)
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Castes are traditionally associated with an occupation
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Untouchables were the lowest ranking; consisted of leatherworkers, butchers, launderers, and latrine cleaners
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Rigid-ranking= not allowed to go up in rank, you have to be born into the classes
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Punishments for not following the explicit standards would consist of fines and outcasting (temporary or peranent)
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">A rare case punishment for marrying or openly cohabiting with someone in a lower caste than your own would be excommunicated from the caste and/or being moved down to the status of the lower-caste person
 * Theocracy
 * Polytheistic
 * Links to modern Hindu Culture
 * Shiva was major Hindu God
 * Animals were an important part of the culture
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Used River as transportatin for trading
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Traded form 2600 B.C.- 1800 B.C.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Used Seals
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Colored cloth was a desirable trade item
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #8d00ff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Indus River provided a link to the sea