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__Geography__  __Enviromental Challenges__  __Culture__  __Social Class__  __Government__  __Religion__  __Writing__  __Trade__
 * Walls of China were built 1,000 years after the other cities
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">10% of the land was farmable
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">North China Plain= China's heartland= between Huang Hu and Chang Jiang
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">2 major river systems flow from the mountains= 1) The Huang Hu (Yellow River) found in the north- Depostits yellow silt called __loess__ 2)The Chang Jiang (aka. Yangtze) found in Central China, flows East to the Yellow Sea
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Huang He's floods sometimes devoured whole villages, nicknamed "China's Sorrow"
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Because of China's barriers or it's isolation, people couldn't really trade, so they had to supply their own goods
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Invasions from the West and the North occured alot
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Natural Barriers= to the East of China is the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the Pacific Ocean
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Mountain Ranges and Deserts dominate 2/3 of China's landmass
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">In the West= the Taklimakan Desert and the icy 15,000ft Plateau of Tibet
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">In the Southweast= the Himalayas
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">In the North=the Gobi Desert and the Mongolian Plateau
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">1st Chinese dynasty= Xia Dynasty
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Leader of the dynasty was an engineer and a mathmatician named Yu
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">His flood-control and irrigation project help tame the Huang He so settlements could grow
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Shang Dynasty= 1700B.C.-1027B.C.= 1st family of Chinese rulers to leave written records
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Shang Kings built tombs and palaces
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">People who lived outside Chinese civilization were barbairens
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">A person cheif loyalty throughout life was to the family
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Owed obedience and respect to the Middkle Kingdom ruler and the elders in the family
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Most important virtue was respect to your parents
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Women were treated as inferiors- they were expected to obey their fathers, husbands, and sons
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Between ages 13-16 girls were married off= could only raise status by bearing sons
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Stuff was built mainly of wood
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Shang people were constantly wating war
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Technology= the chariot, coined money, dagger-axes, and spears
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Divided classes between nobles and peasants
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Warriors- nobles headed by a King governed the Shang
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Nobles owned the lands
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Higher class people lived insid the city
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Fuedalism= Political systen in which nobles or lords are granted the use of lands that legally belong to the king [Kings (give land and get protection/respect/babysitters), Nobles (give military service/loyalty and get land/money), and Peasants (give money and farming and get land to live on)= the king gives stuff to the people under him and the people under him give the king stuff back in return]
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Dynastic Cycle= The rise, decline, and replacement of a dynasty, if you displeased the gods, your family was kicked out of the royalty and another family was brought in to rule. The cycle was as follows: There as a good Dynasty and everything was going good then bad thing began to happen, then after a while all "heck" breaks loose (like a flood of a war, ect.) then the Dynasty was overthrown and a new dynasty took over
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Spirits of the family ancestors had the power to bring good fortune or disaster to living members of the family
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Through the ancestor's spirit, the shang consulted the gods
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Shang Di= a Supreme god
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Oracle Bones: Animal bones and turtle shell on which priests asked gods questions then applied a hot poker to the shell or bones, causing the said shells or bones to crack. The priests then diciphered the cracks to see how the gods answered
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">About 1027 B.C. to 255 B.C. the Zhou overthrew Shang and established own dynasty
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Royal authority came from heaven
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">A just ruler who had divine approval= The Mandate of Heaven
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Floods, riots, ect. were now believed to be signs that the ancestors were displeased with a King's rule
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Each character stands for 1 syllable
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Practically no links between spoken and written language
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Written language helped unify a large land and made control easier
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">A true scholar needed to know at least 10,000 characters
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Roads and canals were built
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Coined money was introduced
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Blast furnaces that produced cast iron were developed
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Weapons= dagger-axis and swords
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #008dff; font-family: Georgia, serif;">Farming tools= sickles, knives and spades